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Modulation in Music: First, Establish Tonality
In general, regardless of the method of modulation, you absolutely must establish tonality firmly in the original key before modulating to another key. Otherwise, confusion reigns. You establish the original key by using the I, IV, and V7 chords at the outset of a tune. Simple triads and dominant seventh chords serve as the most useful chord types in establishing and supporting an initial tonal centre.
In the new key, you need at least one cadence (especially V7 – I, where I is the new tonic chord) to clearly confirm or validate the new tonality. Otherwise your brain assumes it’s only a possible shift in tonality, a transient modulation.
If you use jazzy, extended chords from the outset, such as 11th chords or suspended chords or 13th chords, you will find it harder to establish tonality (at least in the collective mind of your audience—regardless of whether you think you’ve succeeded in establishing a tonal centre). And you’ll find it even more difficult to successfully modulate.